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The team sent the largest fragments of small molten-salt clusters to an IBM processor, using circuits of up to 66 qubits plus ancilla qubits. The authors traced the dominant remaining error to the classical step that split the clusters.
The authors called the properties predictability, typicality, robustness, verifiability, and usefulness. They wrote that Shor's algorithm satisfies their criteria and proved that some advantages cannot be predicted with classical resources alone.
A learning agent used error-detection signals from surface and color codes on Willow to adjust more than 1,000 control settings. The team showed steering within a single long computation only in numerical simulation.
Researchers reported in Nature Communications that eight physical qubits in a linear array kept their coherence. They demonstrated a two-qubit gate on one of four qubit pairs and reported no gate fidelities for the array.
Azure CTO Mark Russinovich cited quantum research progress and U.S. and French government actions. In its 2025 roadmap, Microsoft had aimed to complete the transition by 2033 and to enable early adoption by 2029.
Buyers already pair control electronics and refrigerators from different suppliers and use open compiler formats. Calibration has a published specification only for pulse jobs. Module links have none. In those two layers, buyers still depend on one vendor.
SRI International is setting up the center, with cryostats and lasers among its first focus areas. SRI said an early goal is to make quantum-enabling components more manufacturable within three years.
Henry Legg of the University of St Andrews disputed a 2025 Microsoft paper, citing coding errors and omitted data. Microsoft researchers called one error a minor bug. Microsoft's Chetan Nayak said the company stands by its results.
National security systems must support the NSA's CNSA 2.0 algorithms. The department ruled out quantum key distribution for quantum resistance and will count solutions as fully post-quantum only with post-quantum authentication.
Under Trump's executive order, OMB must require agencies to move high value assets and high impact systems to post-quantum key establishment by 2030. Contractors would face that date through a procurement rule due in proposed form by December 19.
