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About 0.5% of gates ended in a detected erasure and at most 0.12% in an undetected error. The authors projected the error-correction advantage from simulations, assuming perfect erasure checks and leaving out measurement errors.
The Quantum Economic Development Consortium also counted 8,261 new quantum-related position openings in 2025 and reported a shift toward business-oriented roles. Two groups that studied job advertisements found that most postings did not ask for a PhD.
PsiQuantum signed a $125 million expanded DARPA agreement in July. Like Microsoft, it entered the final stage of the Quantum Benchmarking Initiative through US2QC, a related program, without passing through the initiative's first two stages.
Eighty-seven percent of the 1,001 IT and cybersecurity decision-makers polled for DigiCert reported post-quantum plans or work under way. Propeller Insights ran the survey in May, before a U.S. executive order set federal migration deadlines.
A 70-million-transistor chip at 4 kelvin generated every control pulse for HRL's silicon spin qubits. The team used up to seven of its 18 physical qubits, on codes that correct one type of error or only detect errors.
Absolute promises, theorems without their conditions, quantum in a product's name, and post-quantum labels without an algorithm or certificate recur in security pitches. Each can be checked against a public standard, certificate, agency assessment, or proof.
Executive Order 14412 set December 2030 and December 2031 post-quantum deadlines for federal agencies, and NSA dates bind national security systems. Outside those systems, the measures reviewed here would date a company's duty through a FAR rule not yet proposed.
Regulators in five countries have acted or warned against products sold on the word "quantum." Generic claims about real technology get case-by-case scrutiny at most. Companies with real results face the same independent tests as everyone else.
A passive copy of encrypted traffic taken from a cable, radio link, or satellite beam leaves nothing on the victim's network. Tools marketed against harvest-now, decrypt-later attacks watch for exfiltration, anomalous traffic, or quantum-vulnerable encryption instead.
Michael Kratsios cited a 2028 Energy Department goal and NIST's plan to finish its own post-quantum transition by the end of 2027. Most of the agency programs he cited had been announced in the seven weeks before the summit.
