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Eighty-seven percent of the 1,001 IT and cybersecurity decision-makers polled for DigiCert reported post-quantum plans or work under way. Propeller Insights ran the survey in May, before a U.S. executive order set federal migration deadlines.
Regulators in five countries have acted or warned against products sold on the word "quantum." Generic claims about real technology get case-by-case scrutiny at most. Companies with real results face the same independent tests as everyone else.
A passive copy of encrypted traffic taken from a cable, radio link, or satellite beam leaves nothing on the victim's network. Tools marketed against harvest-now, decrypt-later attacks watch for exfiltration, anomalous traffic, or quantum-vulnerable encryption instead.
Buyers already pair control electronics and refrigerators from different suppliers and use open compiler formats. Calibration has a published specification only for pulse jobs. Module links have none. In those two layers, buyers still depend on one vendor.
Henry Legg of the University of St Andrews disputed a 2025 Microsoft paper, citing coding errors and omitted data. Microsoft researchers called one error a minor bug. Microsoft's Chetan Nayak said the company stands by its results.
The British Business Bank committed £100 million and tied it to TITAN, a system OQC expected to launch in 2028 with 200 logical qubits. In June 2025, OQC announced error-detection results on three devices, each a single dual-rail qubit.
Silicon spin qubits now come from 300 mm lines at imec, Intel, and STMicroelectronics. No maker has yet shown a fab supplying enriched silicon, qubits uniform enough to tune automatically at scale, or control electronics within a million-qubit power budget.
In PNAS, Oxford's Tim Palmer proposed that quantum computers lose their advantage above about 1,000 perfect qubits. He wrote that his theory and standard quantum mechanics agree on small systems. No experiment has yet tested where they differ.
