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A 70-million-transistor chip at 4 kelvin generated every control pulse for HRL's silicon spin qubits. The team used up to seven of its 18 physical qubits, on codes that correct one type of error or only detect errors.
IBM and University of Chicago researchers claimed advantage with a certified fidelity bound on 97 physical qubits. Qedma and Algorithmiq reported regimes in which the classical methods they tested became unreliable or disagreed. None of the preprints is peer reviewed.
Twenty authors tied quantum chemistry and topological data analysis to Helios, Sol in 2027, Apollo in 2029, and Lumos in the 2030s. They called the roadmap an assumption-driven envelope, not a deterministic forecast.
A learning agent used error-detection signals from surface and color codes on Willow to adjust more than 1,000 control settings. The team showed steering within a single long computation only in numerical simulation.
Buyers already pair control electronics and refrigerators from different suppliers and use open compiler formats. Calibration has a published specification only for pulse jobs. Module links have none. In those two layers, buyers still depend on one vendor.
QuEra said Libra will be available on Amazon Braket starting in 2028 and called the machine's specifications projected. Neither QuEra's release nor AWS's blog post gave the number of physical qubits the neutral-atom machine will use.
A quantum computer runs on clocks from nanoseconds to hours. IBM and Xanadu both drew their software layers along those clocks. A buyer still cannot swap one vendor's processor, controller or decoder for another's by recompiling.
IonQ's team ran qLDPC, toric, and concatenated codes on one chain of 40 barium ions without moving them. In the best code, logical qubits lasted 3.95 seconds, against 3.84 seconds for the physical qubits in the authors' revised analysis.
The team measured fewer logical errors in the larger of two codes, built from 64 physical qubits, over up to eight rounds. Over longer runs, the authors concluded only that logical error rates did not grow with code distance.
The British Business Bank committed £100 million and tied it to TITAN, a system OQC expected to launch in 2028 with 200 logical qubits. In June 2025, OQC announced error-detection results on three devices, each a single dual-rail qubit.
